发生率, 体积, 程度上, 分布, 类型, trends in juvenile crime; 理论 that explain individual and group forms of juvenile delinquency as they relate to individual, 家庭, 学校, 社区, and societal causes; an overview of juvenile cases and matters; victimization of juveniles and protective services available for them; correctional institutions, 惩罚, and rehabilitation programs for juveniles; critical 评价 of current practices in juvenile corrections; needed changes in the juvenile correctional system to rehabilitate offenders and help prevent juvenile delinquency.
Historical evolution of the major world legal systems; their social foundations and philosophies; overview of the four major legal systems of the world and their hybrids; evolving convergences and divergences in the legal systems; social change and emerging justice views; international 犯罪 包括 terrorism, organized crime; genocide; civil wars and refugees; the global drug problems, smuggling; human trafficking and human rights issues; the Interpol, Europol; the UNO, international courts – the World Court and other International Courts; Amnesty International and other human rights watchdog groups, 非政府组织.
犯罪和受害的模式, 尤其是跟凶杀有关的案子, 攻击, 强奸, 抢劫, 仇恨犯罪. 家庭，已知和陌生环境中的犯罪和受害者. 按人口特征（年龄）划分的犯罪和受害分布, 性别, class, 和民族), 地理区域（国家）, 区域, 城市, 以及其他社区环境). Offender-victim interaction; 理论 of victimization; prevention of victimization.
检查环境问题, 犯罪, and justice; bodily and property harms and 犯罪 from local, 区域, and global environmental problems; point source and non-point source pollution; structural violence; environmental victimology; governmental and non- governmental responses; environmental laws and regulations; environmental justice and racism, 高危人群（穷人）, 少数民族, 女性, working men); anti-environmental backlash to regulations and laws.
Differing conceptions of law and justice; law as a cultural institution reflecting the cultural values and ideals of society; law as an instrument of social change; law as an oppressive and liberating instrument; the cultural foundations of law and their operation in North and South America, 欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲, 资本主义, 社会主义, 和简单的, emerging and modern societies; examination of how laws function in societies and their consequence for conformity and violation.
An overview of laws of subordination and liberation in American history; patriarchy and 性别 inequality; legal and social barriers to justice and equality of 女性; overcoming 性别 inequalities through changes in law, 社会态度, and incorporation of males to 女性’s progress; enabling males and females to respect each other by creating a nonviolent ethos
Causes and forms of terrorism at the domestic and international levels; political, 经济, 宗教, social and national differences among people and their implications for terrorism; a review of major terrorist incidents and groups; their underpinning means and what can be done to contain terrorism.
An inquiry into the “criminal justice” and “social justice” nexus; creating a “good” and “just” society reducing crime and promoting justice, and social well-being; understanding of crime and justice issues in the context of political, 经济, 社会文化, 并通过法律变革来创造一个良好和公正的社会，引导社会行动，控制犯罪，促进正义.
An inquiry into the “criminal justice” and “social justice” nexus; creating a “good” and “just” society reducing crime and promoting justice, and social well-being; understanding of crime and justice issues in the context of political, 经济, 社会文化, 并通过法律变革来创造一个良好和公正的社会，引导社会行动，控制犯罪，促进正义.
在研究生教师的指导下，在教师专业和/或与学生课程相关的兴趣领域进行精读. 学生可以选择在标准课程中不涉及的实质性领域进行深入的理论/实证阅读. 对刑事司法的核心问题和新趋势进行深入评估，为学生提供了一个进行研究和/或与研究生教师一起参与研究的机会，以便在专业会议上发表和展示. 如果是新的话题可以重复一次吗.
在研究生院的指导下, 该学生将继续研究当代犯罪和刑事司法问题, 包括, 但不限于教师专业领域. 如果是新的话题，可以重复两次吗.
